This means that verse 2 backs up from the cosmos described in verse 1 to the opening stage in God’s creative activity and introduces us to what many have called “chaos.” The earth was without form and void (tōhû22 wābōhû), and darkness (hōšek) was over the face of the deep (tĕhôm).23 And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters (ha māyim). This verse describes total chaos, piling up five words that will be used in later Scriptures either individually or in combination to refer
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